Received: 17.12.2025
Accepted: 21.12.2025
Published online: 30.12.2025
UDC: 616.314.16-002-089.23
DOI: 10.70113/1815-9443.2025.84.10.002
MONITORING OF PERIODONTAL RISK INDICATORS DURING TREATMENT WITH FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Kopbayeva Maira¹, Azhigaliyeva Anel¹, Amangaliyeva Shynar¹
¹Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Background. Fixed orthodontic appliances are widely used for the correction of dentofacial anomalies; however, their presence in the oral cavity creates additional plaque-retentive areas and increases the risk of inflammatory periodontal diseases, particularly during the early stages of treatment.
Aim. To assess the dynamic changes in periodontal risk indicators in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Materials and Methods. A prospective observational study included 88 patients aged 16–34 years receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed bracket systems. Oral hygiene status was evaluated using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and gingival inflammation was assessed using the Gingival Index (GI). Measurements were performed before appliance placement and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment initiation. Descriptive statistics and paired comparisons were applied to analyze changes over time, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results. Four weeks after bracket placement, a significant deterioration in oral hygiene and gingival condition was observed, with OHI-S increasing from 1.26 ± 0.22 to 2.34 ± 0.36 and GI increasing from 0.61 ± 0.15 to 1.56 ± 0.27. After implementation of preventive and hygienic interventions, both indices significantly improved by week 8, with OHI-S decreasing to 1.11 ± 0.19 and GI to 0.64 ± 0.16, indicating effective control of inflammatory changes.
Conclusion. Regular monitoring of periodontal risk indicators during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances enables early detection of inflammatory changes and supports effective prevention of periodontal complications through timely preventive interventions.
Keywords: orthodontics; periodontal risk; fixed appliances; gingivitis; oral hygiene; biofilm.
